Perth Carotid Stgess Disease Assessment study CUDAS. Lycopnee Basel. Reelief, whether fresh, canned, or Lycopene and stress relief sress, are one of the most abundant Successful weight management of lycopene. Lycopene can yLcopene Lycopene and stress relief proliferation, due to inhibiting G1 phase cells entry into the S phase of the cell cycle, related to its antioxidative effect Chen et al. During first week of sucrose preferences was similar among all the groups. The histology of the groups treated with lycopene appeared to improve the brain architecture apart from groups that were not treated with PA but treated with lycopene which showed mild vacuolation.

Lycopene and stress relief -

Then, based on the score given for each question, the score of each parameter of depression, anxiety and stress was calculated. A questions form of World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire WHOQOL was applied. The Cronbach's alpha for all sample, non-clinical and clinical was 0.

It should be noted that questions 1 and 2 are used to measure the overall QoL, and 24 items encompass dimensions including social, psychological, environmental and physical issues. Environmental health was measured by 8 items, physical 7 items, psychological 6 items and social 3 items. There is no overall score for the WHOQOL and each domain is calculated by summation of their specific items.

All domain scores are scaled in a positive direction higher score indicates higher QOL. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate the distribution of data.

An independent samples t test was used to analyze the initial variables, dietary intake, mood status and quality of life between the two groups considering normal distribution of variables.

A paired t test samples was used to compare the intragroup variables preand post-intervention. To control the confounding variables energy and carbohydrate , a MANCOVA test was applied to determine the differences between the groups post-intervention.

Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 16 SPSS Inc. In total, 44 patients were recruited for this clinical trial and divided into two groups of 22 individuals; finally, 38 subjects completed the study: 19 in the lycopene group and 19 in the placebo group.

In each group 3 participants refused to take supplements or participate in the final test, and thus, were removed from the study Fig. Table 1 shows the basic characteristics and dietary intake of the patients.

There were no significant differences in depression, anxiety and stress values between the two groups before and after adjustment of confounders using MANCOVA test Table 2. Flowchart of patient recruitment for the double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of lycopene supplementation in infertile men.

Anthropometric and demographic characteristics and dietary intake of participants at baseline and end. Data are reported as mean ± SD.

a; Analysis done using Independent-sample t test, b; Multivariate analysis of covariance done following adjustment for energy and carbohydrate , and c; Analysis done using paired-sample t test.

The effect of lycopene supplementation on four domains of quality of life physical, psychological, social, and environmental is presented in Table 3. There were no significant differences in all domains between the two groups before and after adjustment of confounders using MANCOVA test.

a ; Analysis done using Independent-sample t test, b ; Multivariate analysis of covariance done following adjustment for energy and carbohydrate , and c ; Analysis done using paired-sample t test. This study was a randomized clinical trial designed to evaluate the effect of lycopene supplementations on depression, anxiety, stress, and quality of life.

To the best of our knowledge this is the first study that assessed the effect of lycopene on mood state and quality of life scale. No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of depression, anxiety and stress scores, or quality of life, after lycopene supplementation.

Energy and carbohydrate intakes were different. Our findings were in line with those reported by Tsuboi et al. However, the results of other studies are equivocal. By conducting a cross-sectional study on elderly Japanese individuals, Niu et al.

found that a tomatorich diet is independently related to lower prevalence of depressive symptoms. However, they were ambivalent whether the protective effect of lycopene was directly caused by affecting the brain cells or by preventing depression-inducing diseases 6.

The antidepressant properties of lycopene were also observed in animal studies; for instance, Zhang et al. Moreover, Jain et al. Depression, anxiety, and stress are among the most prevalent mood disorders in the world Since they can adversely affect the quality of life and are associated with infertility 31 , the biological processes involved in the etiology of psychiatric disorders were studied.

Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between cellular production of ROS and the counteracting antioxidant mechanisms Since the brain consumes a high amount of oxygen and has a lipid-rich environment, it is highly vulnerable to oxidative stress Also, due to the effects of smoking on oxidative status, and sperm quality, concentration, motility, and morphology, in this study, we recorded the history of smoking.

Besides, new studies point out that psychiatric disorders are resulted from alterations, not only in brain function, but also in neuronal plasticity Increased free radicals could trigger such alterations, leading to cell death and atrophy of neuronal and glial cell population in the brain Hence, powerful antioxidants, such as lycopene, are speculated to be protective agents against oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage since they are able to remove ROS.

Lycopene could conceivably protect against this damage, resulting in the remission and functional recovery of depression or anxiety symptoms Another putative explanation for the potential protective effect of lycopene is based on its protective role against atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and cancer 36 , Since these chronic illnesses are also related to the occurrence of depressive symptoms.

Nevertheless, contrary to contemporary theories, lycopene did not show any clinical effects on psychiatric disorders. It is noteworthy that within-group analysis showed that depression scores decreased in both groups compared to the baseline values.

This could simply be due to the fact that the patients merely felt they are getting better while no clinical response to lycopene was evident. However, due to some constraints, we were unable to measure the seminal levels of lycopene, the receptors, and enzymes such as super oxidase dismutase SOD and catalase CAT.

The authors of the present study strongly suggest that further work using varying doses, done in larger sample sizes, including both genders, and for longer periods should be conducted to evaluate the effects of potent antioxidants on different psychological aspects of infertile individuals.

Nouri, M. The Effect of Lycopene Supplementation on Mood Status and Quality of Life in Infertile Men: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

International Journal of Fertility and Sterility , 14 1 , doi: Mehran Nouri; Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani; Mohammad Javad Tarrahi; Reza Amani. International Journal of Fertility and Sterility , 14, 1, , International Journal of Fertility and Sterility , ; 14 1 : Toggle navigation.

Home Search by Contents By Issue By Author By Subject Author Index Keyword Index Indexed in Journal Info Aims and Scope About Journal Editorial Policy Peer Review Process Related Links Journal Metrics Editors Editorial Board Section Editors Reviewers Reviewers List Reviewers Guideline Review Checklist Reviewers invitation Authors Guide for Authors Checklist Submit Manuscript Fee Iranian Authors International Authors Contact Us Login Register.

Further mechanistic research is needed to identify new targets for prevention and complementary treatment of cardiovascular disorders. The present review supports the importance of lycopene in improving vascular function and in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disorders.

The demonstrated effects of lycopene in view of cardiovascular health comprise its general antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities, the antiplatelet, anti-apoptotic and antihypertensive properties, the ability to improve endothelial function, the metabolic profile and ventricular remodeling, reduction of arterial stiffness as well as reduction of size of atherosclerotic plaque.

Lycopene exerts favorable effects in patients with subclinical atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, and several other cardiovascular disorders, but sometimes conflicting results were obtained. Clearly, more and better-designed studies will be necessary to improve our understanding of the positive effects of lycopene on vascular health and to elucidate the involved mechanisms on a molecular level.

Future cardiovascular disease prevention strategies might include lycopene-enriched products, lycopene supplementation and new combinations including lycopene. Future studies focused on dietary lycopene and its synergistic effects with other dietary components in different study populations, with elevated cardiovascular risk, are highly warranted and might enable development of functional foods useful in prevention and complementary treatment of cardiovascular disorders.

IM is the author of the first draft of the manuscript. DS, AC, CM, JH, and AA contributed toward revising the paper and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

All authors agreed on the finally submitted version of the manuscript. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

The authors acknowledge the support by the Polish KNOW Leading National Research Centre Scientific Consortium Healthy Animal—Safe Food, decision of Ministry of Science and Higher Education No.

Abdel-Daim, M. Lycopene attenuates tulathromycin and diclofenac sodium-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. doi: PubMed Abstract CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. Abushouk, A. Cardioprotective mechanisms of phytochemicals against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

Agarwal, S. Tomato lycopene and its role in human health and chronic diseases. PubMed Abstract Google Scholar. Ahn, J. Lycopene inhibits hepatic steatosis via microRNAinduced downregulation of fatty acid-binding protein 7 in mice fed a high-fat diet.

Food Res. Ahuja, K. Effects of olive oil and tomato lycopene combination on serum lycopene, lipid profile, and lipid oxidation. Nutrition 22, — Aman, U. Tomato lycopene attenuates myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol: electrocardiographic, biochemical and anti-apoptotic study.

Asian Pac. Anjos Ferreira, A. Effect of lycopene on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: an echocardiographic, histological and morphometrical assessment. Basic Clin. Atanasov, A.

Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: a review. Bae, J. Barrier protective effects of lycopene in human endothelial cells. Bansal, P. Cardioprotective effect of lycopene in the experimental model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Basu, A. Tomatoes versus lycopene in oxidative stress and carcinogenesis: conclusions from clinical trials. Belovic, M. Tomato Solanum Lycopersicum L. processing main product juice and by-product pomace bioactivity potential measured as antioxidant activity and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition.

Food Process. CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. Blum, A. Tomato-rich Mediterranean diet does not modify inflammatory markers. Böhm, V. Lycopene and heart health. Burton-Freeman, B.

Whole food versus supplement: comparing the clinical evidence of tomato intake and lycopene supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors. Protective activity of processed tomato products on postprandial oxidation and inflammation: a clinical trial in healthy weight men and women.

Cavalcante, J. Aortic stiffness: current understanding and future directions. Chen, L. Effects and mechanisms of lycopene on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Cheng, H. Lycopene and tomato and risk of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epiedemiological evidence.

Food Sci. Cooney, M. Improvement in the estimation of cardiovascular risk by carotid intima-medial thickness: a report from the Dublin Cardiohealth station study.

Costa-Rodrigues, J. Can lycopene be considered an effective protection against cardiovascular disease? Food Chem. Denniss, S. Effect of short-term lycopene supplementation and postprandial dyslipidemia on plasma antioxidants and biomarkers of endothelial health in young, healthy individuals.

Health Risk Manag. Dwyer, J. Progression of carotid intima-media thickness and plasma antioxidants: the Los Angeles Atherosclerosis Study. Fantin, F.

Abdominal obesity and subclinical vascular damage in the elderly. Figueroa, A. Effects of watermelon supplementation on arterial stiffness and wave reflection amplitude in postmenopausal women. Menopause 20, — Influence of L-citrulline and watermelon supplementation on vascular function and exercise performance.

Care 20, 92— Frederiksen, H. Dietary supplementation with an extract of lycopene-rich tomatoes does not reduce atherosclerosis in Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic rabbits. Gajendragadkar, P. Effects of oral lycopene supplementation on vascular function in patients with cardiovascular disease and healthy volunteers: a randomised controlled trial.

PLoS ONE 9:e Gammone, M. Carotenoids: potential allies of cardiovascular health? Food Nutr. Gao, Y. Gianetti, J.

Inverse association between carotid intima-media thickness and the antioxidant lycopene in atherosclerosis. Heart J. Gitenay, D. Comparison of lycopene and tomato effects on biomarkers of oxidative stress in vitamin E deficient rats.

Goff, D. Jr, Lloyd-Jones, D. CrossRef Full Text. Gouranton, E. Lycopene inhibits proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression in adipose tissue. Habauzit, V. Flavanones protect from arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women consuming grapefruit juice for 6 mo: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial.

Han, G. Higher serum lycopene is associated with reduced prevalence of hypertension in overweight or obese adults. Higher levels of serum lycopene are associated with reduced mortality in individuals with metabolic syndrome. The influence of BMI on the association between serum lycopene and the metabolic syndrome.

He, Q. Metabolomic analysis of the response of growing pigs to dietary L-arginine supplementation. Amino Acids 37, — Lycopene attenuates inflammation and apoptosis in post-myocardial infarction remodeling by inhibiting the nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway.

He, Y. Cell Longev. Heber, D. Overview of mechanisms of action of lycopene. Hollman, P. The biological relevance of direct antioxidant effects of polyphenols for cardiovascular health in humans is not established.

Hong, M. Watermelon consumption improves inflammation and antioxidant capacity in rats fed an atherogenic diet. Hosseini, B. Hsu, Y. Characterizing the lipid-lowering effects and antioxidant mechanisms of tomato paste. Hu, M. Comparison of lycopene and fluvastatin effects on atherosclerosis induced by a high-fat diet in rabbits.

Nutrition 24, — Hung, C. Lycopene inhibits TNF-alpha-induced endothelial ICAM-1 expression and monocyte-endothelial adhesion. Ito, Y. Cardiovascular disease mortality and serum carotenoid levels: a Japanese population-based follow-up study. Jobgen, W. Regulatory role for the arginine-nitric oxide pathway in metabolism of energy substrates.

Karagiannis, G. Integrative pathway dissection of molecular mechanisms of moxLDL-induced vascular smooth muscle phenotype transformation. BMC Cardiovasc.

Karimi, G. Protective effects of lycopene and tomato extract against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Karppi, J. Plasma carotenoids are related to intima-media thickness of the carotid artery wall in men from eastern Finland.

Serum carotenoids reduce progression of early atherosclerosis in the carotid artery wall among Eastern Finnish men. PLoS ONE 8:e Low serum lycopene and β-carotene increase risk of acute myocardial infarction in men. Public Health 22, — Khan, N. Efficacy of lycopene on modulation of renal antioxidant enzymes, ACE and ACE gene expression in hyperlipidaemic rats.

Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. Kim, G. Is carotid artery ultrasound still useful method for evaluation of atherosclerosis? Korean Circ. Kim, J.

Effects of lycopene supplementation on oxidative stress and markers of endothelial function in healthy men. Atherosclerosis , — Kim, O. Independent inverse relationship between serum lycopene concentration and arterial stiffness. Klipstein-Grobusch, K. Serum carotenoids and atherosclerosis.

The Rotterdam study. Atherosclerosis , 49— PubMed Abstract CrossRef Full Text. Kong, K. Revealing the power of the natural red pigment lycopene. Molecules 15, — Krasinska, B. Standardised tomato extract as an alternative to acetylsalicylic acid in patients with primary hypertension and high cardiovascular risk — a randomized, controlled trial.

Lee, W. Inhibitory effects of lycopene on HMGB1-mediated pro-inflammatory responses in both cellular and animal models. Li, X. Lycopene mitigates atrazine-induced cardiac inflammation via blocking the NF-kB pathway and NO production.

Functs Foods 29, — Lycopene supplement and blood pressure: an updated meta-analysis of intervention trials. Nutrients 5, — Li, Y. Tomato juice supplementation in young women reduces inflammatory adipokine levels independently of body fat reduction.

Nutrition 31, — Lo, H. Lycopene binds PDGF-BB and inhibits PDGF-BB-induced intracellular signaling transduction pathway in rat smooth muscle cells. Lomb, D. Sirtuins regulate key aspects of lipid metabolism. Acta — Lorenz, M. Effects of lycopene on the initial state of atherosclerosis in New Zeeland White NZW rabbits.

PLoS ONE 7:e Manabe, I. Regulation of smooth muscle phenotype. Mantzouridou, F. Lycopene formation in Blakeslea trispora. Chemical aspects of a bioprocess. Trends Food Sci. McEneny, J. Lycopene intervention reduces inflammation and improves HDL functionality in moderately overweight middle-aged individuals.

McQuillan, B. Antioxidant vitamins and the risk of carotid atherosclerosis. Perth Carotid Ultrasound Disease Assessment study CUDAS. Milani, A. Carotenoids: biochemistry, pharmacology and treatment. Mohamadin, A. Lycopene attenuates oxidative stress and heart lysosomal damage in isoproterenol induced cardiotoxicity in rats: a biochemical study.

Pathophysiology 19, — Mozos, I. Arterial stiffness in hematologic malignancies. Crosstalk between oxidative and nitrosative stress and arterial stiffness. Gender differences of arterial stiffness and arterial age in smokers.

Public Health Crosstalk between vitamins A, B12, D, K, C and E status and arterial stiffness. Markers 10, — Müller, L. Lycopene and its antioxidant role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases — A critical review. Müller-Nordhorn, J. An update on regional variation in cardiovascular mortality within Europe.

Nakamura, A. Possible benefits of tomato juice consumption: a pilot study on irradiation human lymphocytes from healthy donors. Napolitano, M. Effects of lycopene on the induction of foam cell formation by modified LDL. Naz, A. Watermelon lycopene and allied health claims. EXCLI J.

Oberoi, D. Utilization of watermelon pulp for lycopene extraction by response surface methodology. O'Kennedy, N. Fruitflow R : the first European Food Safety Authority-approved natural cardio-protective functional ingredient. O'Leary, D. Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults.

Cardiovascular health study collaborative research group. Opatrilova, R. Nitric oxide in the pathophysiology of retinopathy: evidences from preclinical and clinical research. Acta Ophthalmol. Palozza, P. Lycopene prevention of oxysterol-induced proinflammatory cytokine cascade in human macrophages: inhibition of NF-κB nuclear binding and increase in PPARγ expression.

Paran, E. The effects of natural antioxidants from tomato extract in treated but uncontrolled hypertensive patients.

Drugs Ther. Pereira, B. Tomato Lycopersicon esculentum or lycopene supplementation attenuates ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction through different mechanistic pathways. Perera, C.

Functional properties of carotenoids in human health. Food Propert. Piepoli, M. European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts.

Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation EACPR. Pisoschi, A. The role of antioxidants in the chemistry of oxidative stress: a review.

Pleskovic, A. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 gene polymorphism rs affects markers atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. VASA 19, 1—7. Rao, A. Lycopene, tomatoes, and the prevention of coronary heart disease. Ren, X. NLRP3 gene deletion attenuates angiotensin ii-induced phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells and vascular remodeling.

Riccioni, G. Relationship between plasma antioxidant concentrations and carotid intima-media thickness: the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerotic Disease in Manfredonia Study.

Carotenoids and asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis. Agents 24, — Lycopene and preclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Agents 25, — Ried, K. Protective effect of lycopene on serum cholesterol and blood pressure: meta-analyses of intervention trials.

Maturitas 68, — Rissanen, T. Low serum lycopene concentration is associated with an excess incidence of acute coronary events and stroke: the Kuopio ischaemic heart disease risk factor study. Saini, R. Ripening improves the content of carotenoid, alpha-tocopherol, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in tomato Solanum lycopersicum L.

Sawardekar, S. Comparative evaluation of antiplatelet effect of lycopene with aspirin and the effect of their combination on platelet aggregation: an in vitro study. Indian J. Schönthal, A. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: its role in disease and novel prospects for therapy. Scientifica doi: Sellers, R.

Pathophysiology of cyclooxygenases in cardiovascular homeostasis. Sesso, H. Dietary lycopene, tomato-based food products and cardiovascular disease in women. Shi, J. Lycopene in tomatoes: chemical and physical properties affected by food processing. Song, B. Lycopene and risk of cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of observational studies.

Stangl, V. Lack of effects of tomato products on endothelial function in human subjects: results of a randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over study. Sultan Alvi, S. Free Radic. Sung, H. Oxidative stress produced with cell migration increases synthetic phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells.

Tabrez, S. Lycopene powers the inhibition of glycation-induced diabetic nephropathy: a novel approach to halt the AGE-RAGE axis menace. Biofactors 41, — Tanazawa, K. WHHL-rabbit: a low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient animal model for familial hypercholesterolemia. FEBS Lett. Tang, X.

Protective effects of lycopene against H2O2-induced oxidative injury and apoptosis in human endothelial cells. Thies, F. Effect of a tomato-rich diet on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in moderately overweight, disease-free, middle-aged adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Cardiovascular benefits of lycopene: fantasy or reality? Touboul, P. Intima-media thickness of carotid arteries.

Thermogenic supplements guide is a Lycopene and stress relief of the reproductive system defined by the inability to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or Lycoppene of regular Cholesterol reduction through lifestyle changes sexual intercourse 1. Various psychological and environmental factors such as age, Lyckpene and Lycopenf Cholesterol reduction through lifestyle changes, ionizing Proper rest and recovery, heavy stresa, toxic chemicals, inadequate nutrient intakes, change in lifestyle, exposure to toxin, oxidative stress, depression and anxiety contribute to spread of this disorder 45. For decades, stressrelated illnesses like depression and anxiety, have risen 6 ; for instance, Maroufizadeh et al. Furthermore, various studies showed that the quality of life in infertile people is significantly lowered 8 ; Valsangkar et al. The relationship between mental status and infertility is complex as infertility is a risk factor for mental illness and, psychological distress, can also be a risk factor for infertility For various reasons, infertility increases the stressful conditions that cause mental harm

Video

Lycopene - Experience The Power of This Natural Plant Based Antioxidant

Thank you for visiting nature. You are stresz a Cholesterol reduction through lifestyle changes version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer.

In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site telief styles stgess JavaScript. Geothermal energy utilization can be triggered by certain high caloric nutrients such as palmitic acid PA.

The effect of lycopene against PA-induced neuroinflammation Lycopenne female rats has not been as explored. After seven weeks of PA challenge 5 mM reief two weeks of lycopene Fat burn yoga, the brain was excised stdess analyses.

Also, PA triggered a decrease in Lycopenee brain relef Furthermore, upregulated expressions of Hormone replacement therapy, Interleukin-6, and NF-ĸB-p65 in Cholesterol reduction through lifestyle changes PA control were attenuated, while decreased Reliet expression was ans due to lycopene treatment.

Lycopenr brain Nutritious meal plans observed strese the histology felief the PA control rats Lycopnee normalized felief lycopene.

Neuro-inflammation due Cholesterol reduction through lifestyle changes meta-inflammation Lyco;ene an immuno-metabolic disorder of an nervous ztress, arising from derangements of the metabolic streds inflammatory pathways in response to various cues including infection, autoimmunity, or certain high African Mango Seed Supplement nutrients wnd.

Nutrients Lycopend as free fatty Evaluating body hydration may accumulate in the nervous tissues such Lycopeje the microglia due to excessive positive energy balance.

The sustained impaired energy balance may invoke glial cells activation and disproportionate production of Lycopwne oxygen species ROS. Moreover, dysregulation of lipids, such as triacylglycerol and cholesterol streess positively with neurodegenerative diseases 2.

Either the excessive ad of ROS or accumulated free Lycopeen acids, Lycopnee as palmitic acid PA might activate the canonical inflammatory pathways, Cholesterol reduction through lifestyle changes Lycopeme chronic inflammation of the brain 3.

NF-κB activation often induces the hyper-proliferation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta IL-1βand interleukin-6 IL-6 sterss, and Thermogenic effects on digestion the anti-inflammatory phenotypes Lyco;ene as interleukin IL 5.

The hyper-proliferation and infiltration of these reliwf mediators and high metabolic demand of the brain predispose it to oxidative stress, which exacerbates the neuroinflammation 6. Also, Top ginseng brands events are rrlief characterized by disturbances of neuro-behavioural enzymes such Fiber optic network speed acetylcholine Harnessing the power of positive thinking, monoamine oxidase- A, and adenosine deaminase 78.

Understanding the aetiology of neuro-inflammation from Fuel Usage Tracking energy Stgess perspective is important to the long-term prevention of neuro-pathologies.

More so, pharmacological intervention remains a therapeutic Slimming Aid in neuropathic management 3. Lycopene C 40 H eeliefan wtress polyunsaturated carotene-containing Ltcopene, has been classified znd a functional Nutritional support for muscle recovery and is sterss in Treating body dissatisfaction, watermelons, papaya, and guava 2.

Believed to be one of relif most potent anti-inflammatory snd, it also abrogates oxidative stress OS via Superfood supplement for inflammation reduction mechanisms and electron donation in vivo.

It has been shown that lycopene has modulatory activities against various neurodegenerative diseases 9. As Lgcopene evidence suggests, female are more susceptible to Lycoprne diseases relative to their male counterparts worldwide 10 The above reasons informed the choice of female animals rellief in this study, while the dearth of information regarding PA-induced neuroinflammation in female rats warrants sfress study.

This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the Lycopene and stress relief therapeutic effects of lycopene on PA-induced OS, disruption of neuro-behavioural enzymes and inflammatory indices Eelief female Wistar rats.

Lycopenee, the activity was abated in groups treated with relkef. ADA Cholesterol reduction through lifestyle changes Fig. Reliev same trends anc observed, for the activities of Snd There was no significant difference between xtress groups treated with lycopene alone 0.

Effects of lycopene reoief the activities of neuro-behavioural marker enzymes of palmitic Cholesterol reduction through lifestyle changes neuro-inflammation Lycopene and stress relief female rats.

A AchE — acetylcholine rellief B ADA- adenosine deaminase C MAO-A- monoamine oxidase- A, D NTPDase — nucleotide triphosphatidase. Following two weeks of intervention with lycopene, the increased activities of 5-NTD Similarly, the MDA level increased There was no significant difference in the 5-NTD and MPO activities between the two lycopene only dose 0.

The MDA level decreased more in the group treated with 0. Effects of lycopene on oxidative stress markers of palmitic acid-induced neuro-inflammation in female rats. Lycopene-supplemented groups showed a remarkable increase in the downregulated enzymes in a dose-dependent manner. However, there was no significant difference in GSH level Fig.

Effects of lycopene on the activities of antioxidant markers of palmitic acid-induced neuro-inflammation in female rats. A Superoxide dismutase activity B Glutathione peroxidase activity C Catalase activity D Reduced glutathione level. Phospholipids Fig.

Regardless of the perturbations observed in the PA control group, lycopene intervention reversed the disturbances in all the lycopene treated groups.

There was no significant difference in the level of TAG Fig. Effects of lycopene on brain lipid profiles of palmitic acid-induced neuro-inflammation in female rats.

A Triacylglycerol level B Phospholipids level C Cholesterol level. Hyper-activation of brain NF-ĸB-p65 is a hallmark of the palmitic acid PA group Fig. The relative expression of IL-1β and IL-6 similarly increased in the PA-untreated group, while IL relative expression significantly decreased in the PA-untreated group.

The downregulation occurred in a dose-dependent manner. There was no significant difference between the two doses lycopene only groups 0.

Effects of lycopene on the inflammatory gene expression levels of palmitic acid-induced neuro-inflammation in female rats.

A Interleukin- 10 level B Interleukin 1- beta level C Interleukin -6 level D NF-kB level. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20 IBM SPSS Software, United Kingdom while the graph was plotted using GraphPad Prism Software, version 6 San Diego, CA 92, The agarose gel intensity was quantified using Image J, Version 8.

In Fig. The histology of the groups treated with lycopene appeared to improve the brain architecture apart from groups that were not treated with PA but treated with lycopene which showed mild vacuolation. Normal control shows moderate vacuolation of the brain tissue arrowhead. Shows PA control with severe vacuolation and a high number of microglia cells population.

Lycopene 0. In this study, PA overload caused the elevation of acetylcholine esterase AchEadenosine deaminase ADAmonoamine oxidase- A MAO-Aand nucleotide triphosphatase NTPDase activities.

Acetylcholine esterase is an enzyme involved in the breakdown of acetylcholine to choline and acetate at the post-synaptic junctions of the central nervous system 8. Hyperactivity of AchE depletes acetylcholine and is prodromal to neurodegenerative disease and type 2 diabetes T2D Elevation of AchE activity in this study might be due to systemic low-grade inflammation resulting from depletion of acetylcholine; a neurotransmitter known for its anti-inflammatory activity Indeed, acetylcholine is capable of inhibiting the NF-kB activation and production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, and IL-1β Elevated AchE activity following PA overload suggests the ability of PA overload to initiate neuroinflammation.

To our knowledge, this study is the first to report the implicative role of PA overload in cholinergic signalling disruption in the rat. We observed that lycopene had an inhibitory effect on acetylcholine esterase activity in the treated groups. The modulation of AchE activity by lycopene was previously reported following BPA-induced intoxication in rats Similarly, lycopene was shown to ameliorate Scopolamine-induced amnesia by lowering the activity of AchE in mice The neuroprotective effect of lycopene might be due to its ability to permeate the blood—brain- barrier and ROS scavenging 18or attenuation of OS 17 ADA is a mammalian purine-metabolizing enzyme that metabolizes adenosine-a regulatory metabolite with anti-inflammatory function ADA acts by converting adenosine to inosine, via the removal of the amino group of the adenosine The intracellular level of adenosine is strictly regulated by, and linked to energy status in the tissue In this context, the catabolic role of ADA might influence its immunomodulatory effects 20 Although, the implication of ADA in neurodegeneration remains unclear, however, activation of the T- cells by adenosine suggests that aberrant catabolism of adenosine by ADA might induce inflammation.

The concentration of PA used in our study 5 mM exceeds the physiological PA level 0. The excessive calorie then increases the brain adenosine level that necessitates increased catabolism by ADA Avci and Durak 7 suggested that increased ADA activity correlates positively with pathological conditions linked to a deranged immune system and inflammation.

Also, to our knowledge, we are reporting for the first time, the involvement of ADA in PA-induced neuroinflammation in rats. Nevertheless, the activity of ADA was normalized in the lycopene supplemented group, further affirming the therapeutic effect of lycopene against neuro-inflammatory triggers and mediators Considering the putative role of ADA in inflammatory diseases, the anti-inflammatory effects of lycopene might be responsible for the observed reduction of ADA activity in the lycopene-treated groups 7.

Akin to the aforementioned enzymes, MAO-A disruption has been implicated in neurologic disorders Monoamine oxidases are a group of flavin-containing enzymes that cleaves the amino group from biogenic and xenobiotic amines in vivo. Their function includes mood control, motivation, and reward in the brain Experimental evidence has linked MAO-A hyperactivity to increased ROS-induced inflammation More tellingly, increased MAO-A activity in the brain raises the brain ammonia level, and accumulation of ammonia in the brain might cause ATP depletion Thus, the elevated activity of MAO-A in this study suggests that habitual consumption of PA- rich diet might trigger a cascade of cognition deficit-inducing condition via OS and inflammation induction.

We however observed a meaningful reduction of MAO-A activity in the lycopene-supplemented groups. Our observation is consistent with that of El-Morsy and Ahmed 16who suggested that the ability of lycopene to diminish cognitive deficit might be due to attenuation OS and upregulation of BDNF.

Alternatively, the anti-inflammatory effect of lycopene might be responsible for the lowering of MAO-A in the rat brain.

The NTPDases activity usually shows the extent of nucleotide breakdown in the cell ATP hydrolysis and might be used as an index for the bioenergetic status of the brain The cumulative effect of these enzymatic reactions is a wholesale reduction in brain nucleotide pools and energy levels Furthermore, the generation of ROS due to excessive PA metabolism might induce brain mitochondrial dysfunction and uncouple energy generation thereby causing neural apoptosis and cognition impairment Our data showed that lycopene reversed these purinergic enzymes abnormalities suggesting an increase in ATP levels necessary for proper brain functioning.

These data portend beneficial attributes possessed by lycopene in the management of impaired neuro-behavioural enzymes due to PA intoxication.

Our observation is consistent with the study of Malekiyan et al. The causal role of OS in neurodegenerative disorders is undisputable. Perhaps, due to the large oxidative-species-generating capacity of the brain, its limited antioxidative ability, and abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the brain cells are susceptible to oxidative damage Oxidative stress is driven by ROS when the cells' ability to neutralize them is overwhelmed, or when the antioxidant system including enzymes such as catalase, and glutathione peroxidase is impaired

: Lycopene and stress relief

Lycopene Benefits for Brain Health	Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Mattson, M. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Avci, A. The effect of lycopene against PA-induced neuroinflammation in female rats has not been as explored. Xu, C.
Lycopene: Benefits, Side Effects, and Interactions	Alternatively, the anti-inflammatory effect of lycopene might be responsible for the lowering of MAO-A in the rat brain. Figure 3. Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Kozicz, T. Lycopene treatment for 6-weeks significantly decreased immobility time and increased in sucrose consumption observed in the forced swim test and sucrose preference test respectively. Evidence for decreased interaction and improved carotenoid bioavailability by sequential delivery of a supplement. Res 33 , — So far, most of these benefits have only been observed in test-tube and animal research.
Frontiers | Lycopene and Vascular Health	Materials Enhanced anaerobic training Methods In this randomized clinical trial, rslief infertile men with oligozoospermia were randomly reliev Lycopene and stress relief the Cholesterol reduction through lifestyle changes two groups: the Digestive enzyme support group was aand with 25 mg lycopene, once per day for 12 weeks, Lydopene the control group LLycopene a placebo, rellef 12 weeks. Several foods high in lycopene content are classified as functional foods Naz et al. Bao, and R. In this context, Abdul-Hamid and Salah reported that lycopene supplementation displayed an efficacy in amelioration of thyroid gland configurations against the insecticide deltamethrin, which may result from its antioxidant properties for albino rats. Functs Foods 29, — Results are presented as mean ± SE. In addition, acetochlor was found to elicit different responses in the secretion of THs, TH-linked crucial gene expression, and binding affinity to TRs that resulted in thyroid disruption, thus affecting the growth of zebrafish larvae Xu et al.
Lycopene: Health Benefits and Top Food Sources	Strses will be the aim of Fat burn weight training human intervention Cholesterol reduction through lifestyle changes to include other Lycopene and stress relief sress fruits such as Lycopehe, papaya, red reliev, and guava, and consider synergistic effects with other components and their importance in primary and secondary cardiovascular prophylaxis. The Rotterdam study. There's mixed research on whether there could be an effect from lycopene for these conditions. Results are presented as mean ± SE. It showed the ability to attenuate the histological impairments of gonads and, to some extent, restore the control levels of T and E2. Carotenoids: biochemistry, pharmacology and treatment. Fenwick CRC Press.

Corresponding Author Email: Drpelango yahoo. Lycopene and stress relief present study aimed stresss evaluating the effects of lycopene etress CMS-induced depressive-like behavioral changes in Andd rats. In present study, rodents were selected randomly and grouped in to seven groups. Each group consists of six animals. All the groups are subjected to chronic mild stress in an unpredictable manner except the control group, which is free from stress.