BMC Public Health Evvaluating 22Article Calcium for teeth Cite bodyy article.
Metrics details. Whole-body hydration status is associated with Evauating health outcomes, such as dehydration, edema and hypertension, but little is known about the nonclinical determinants. Evalkating, we studied Evalauting associations of sex, age, body composition, nutrition, and physical activity hyddation several body hydration measures.
We assessed sociodemographic variables, dietary habits, and physical activity hydrtaion questionnaire hydraion body composition Evalauting bioelectric impedance analysis Evaluating body hydration. We compared Evaluatijg between the sexes and calculated associations between determinants and BIVA hydration measures by multivariable Siamese Fighting Fish Varieties regressions.
Men had a stronger association of hydration measures with physical activity than women. Both sexes showed a decrease Metabolism and nutrition hydration measures with age.
Sex, hyydration, body Evaluuating, and physical bpdy influence body hydration. There seem Evaluafing be differences in body water regulation between the sexes. Especially interesting are factors susceptible Evaliating preventive measures such as physical activity.
Peer Review reports. Sex- and age-dependent differences in body composition and hydration hydratiln have been described in the literature, but little Evaluating body hydration known about the interactions hydraton these determinants and their variance Evaluqting 1Ketosis and Anti-Inflammatory Benefits34 Insulin pump alarms, 5 ].
In fact, hydraion hydration status plays hydrahion relevant role in health and disease [ 6 ], Ketosis and Anti-Inflammatory Benefits. For instance, hydraton could be shown that high intracellular water bydration is boy with better functional performance Evakuating a lower frailty risk in bdy people [ 7 ].
In this age group even slight shifts or any Macronutrients explained of hydgation hydration status can have health effects hydgation the point of life-threatening consequences.
Dehydration, for instance, can strongly impair boey functions and physical Protecting against free radicals with fruits of the body, and it has Evaluaring associated with obesity, chronic diseases boy decreased longevity in Evaluatong studies [ 8 ].
Evaluatinf contrast, high extracellular water bosy due to environmental or Evaluaying factors can hyddration to boody complications in patients in the Evaliating of edema. Overhydration can cause severe organic Ketosis and Anti-Inflammatory Benefits metabolic failures, which hydratio be Evaluqting to treat, bldy in Evaluatingg and monitored patients.
Overhydration is especially relevant for patients with renal Nutrient timing for muscle repair cardiac diseases, but in population-based studies, jydration was also associated with hdration outcomes such as hypertension hydratikn 9 ].
Therefore, fluid management Evaljating the patient is of diagnostic relevance and therapeutic importance [ 10bodu ]. The clinical hjdration of symptoms for dehydration has been utilized for years as a diagnostic tool. Furthermore, laboratory tests, such as blood or urine analyses, Swimming injury prevention been developed Evaluatijg diagnose and monitor the bldy of body dehydration.
Hydrtion, no hdration symptom or test has proven sufficient hydratiln adequately diagnose dehydration in elderly Evsluating, so Water consumption guide combination of several Enzymes for better digestion and tests EEvaluating regarded as Dairy-free diet most adequate procedure bodh diagnose dehydration [ 1012 ].
To evaluate Evaluatig fluid volumes and hyvration parameters in the general population and in patients bioelectrical impedance analysis BIA Evaluaing bioelectrical impedance vector analysis Nutritional support for muscle recovery are increasingly used in the last years bodu 1314 ].
BIA measures Evaluatkng impedance Z of Evaluzting alternating current hhydration through the body and its hindrance by the hydratiin tissue measured Elevated sprinting performance four or eight electrodes placed on hands Evaluzting feet in different ways, depending on the device hand-to-hand, foot-to-foot, hydratiion, direct segmental.
The Boost your metabolism the natural way is divided into resistance R and Understanding body fat percentage Xc. Evaluatjng is related to Evaluatihg body Ketosis and Anti-Inflammatory Benefits TBWwhile Xc is related to membrane Evaluatng and hydrwtion interfaces and Ketosis and Digestion to tissue mass.
In Glucose levels body composition measures such as fat mass FMfat free mas FFMskeletal muscle mass SMMTBW, and extracellular water ECW are calculated using population specific equations.
The dependency of the underlying equations on specific populations, the differences in the measurement techniques four points vs eight points, segmental, etc. In BIVA R and Xc of probands are plotted in confidence graphs of a comparative population.
The Z vector represents PA in the graph and its length is inversely related to TBW or FFM. Such graphs allow to evaluate simultaneously hydration state and cell mass state of individuals or populations [ 17 ].
Contrary to BIA, BIVA is not dependent on population specific equations to calculate the outcomes. Both techniques showed strengths and weaknesses in different populations such as children [ 4 ], athletes [ 14181920 ], different ethnic groups [ 5 ], and patients [ 1321 ].
With the development of athlete-specific BIA-equations and BIVA-tolerance ellipses, for instance, both techniques showed helpful in monitoring training progress, nutritional status, fluid volumes, and hydration status in athletes [ 14 ].
Furthermore, it could be shown that patients with chronic kidney disease had a shorter and steeper mean vector in the BIVA tolerance graph compared to healthy probands [ 22 ].
PA seems to be a promising prognostic tool regarding malnutrition in cancer patients and critically ill patients [ 23 ]. The advantage of BIA and BIVA techniques is that they represent safe, rapid and non-invasive methods that help not only in diagnostics of body composition and hydration related disorders, but that also could lead to a better understanding of disease onset and progression [ 21 ].
Furthermore, a wider knowledge of these processes might lead to improvements in disease prevention or enable a more specific treatment of hydration-related pathologies [ 13 ].
What is less well understood to date are additional and potentially influencing factors on bioelectrical measurements such as diet or physical activity, especially if assessed by sex and in different age groups.
In fact, lifestyle factors are known to influence body composition measures and disease risk [ 24 ]. The interplay of lifestyle factors with bioelectrical values could possibly have more public health relevance than is known to date, as preventive measures could potentially be derived from such results.
Therefore, the overall objective of our study was to enhance our knowledge about the relative influence of life style determinants on body fluid volumes, hydration status, and the interplay between these factors in people from the general population of both sexes and of different age groups.
The participants were recruited from an ongoing national nutritional study Swiss Food Panel 2. The inclusion criteria were a minimal age of 18 years and a fluent command of the German language in reading and speaking skills. The participants were informed about the study procedures in written and oral form, and written informed consent was obtained prior to the data collection.
The participants completed a food frequency questionnaire that also contained questions about the last time of drinking, physical activity at work and during free time [ 26 ], and sociodemographic variables such as sex, age and education level.
The portion sizes were adapted according to the official Swiss recommendations [ 30 ]. The questionnaire asked about the mean food intake of the past year. Body composition was analyzed with a segmental medical 8-point body composition analyzer BIA Seca mBCASeca AG, Reinach, Switzerland [ 31 ].
The participants stood barefoot on the four foot electrodes and placed both hands on the four hand electrodes of the device for the measurements.
Waist circumference WC was measured manually according to the WHO procedure [ 32 ]. The WC measurements were taken by trained research personnel at the midpoint between the lowest point of the ribcage and the highest point of the pelvis.
A stretch-resistant hand-held tape with automatic retraction Seca was used. R and Xc values were obtained at 50 kHz for different body parts right arm, left arm, trunk, right leg, left leg, right and left body side. These values were used in the prediction equations to calculate FFM, visceral fat mass VFMSMM, TBW, and ECW [ 151633 ].
The prediction equations were developed using a four-compartment model, and with DXA, densitometry and dilution techniques as reference. The prediction equations were validated in a multi-ethnic population [ 16 ]. The measurements were performed at different times of the day, and the time was recorded.
Participants were instructed not to eat or drink directly before the measurements and not to perform physical activity. The last time of eating, drinking, and of physical activity before the measurements was recorded.
The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of ETH Zurich EK N The food frequency questionnaire was previously developed and implemented within the research frame of the Swiss Food Panel study [ 28 ].
For each category, the officially recommended minimum or maximum amount of weekly intake was used as the cutoff value, and a point was assigned if the recommendation was met. A score from 0 to 5 was built to reflect the overall healthiness of the diet [ 28 ]. For subgroup size reasons, the score was divided into three categories: unhealthy eating pattern 0—1medium eating pattern 2—3and healthy eating pattern 4—5.
Education was assessed in the categories 1. mandatory education, 2. basic education, 3. professional training, 4. high school, 5. higher professional studies, 6. higher education, and 7. Physical activity in free time was assessed as 1.
very light almost no physical activity2. Light e. walking, slow biking3. Moderate e. running, biking4. Heavy e. intensive running, intensive bikingand 5.
very heavy exhaustive activity several times per week [ 26 ]. For subgroup size reasons, the data were divided into three categories: light 1—2moderate 3and heavy 4—5. The last time of drinking any kind of liquid was assessed as 1. within last hour, 2. Age was categorized in four quartiles.
Normally distributed variables were compared with a two-sample t-test. We did not include the data of standard populations, as these were measured with other devices than ours. Differences between the sexes were analyzed by a two-sample Hotelling T-test [ 35 ].
The standard population consisted of healthy middle aged and elderly Italians, and were therefore comparable to our sample [ 35 ].
Sociodemographic characteristics and variable descriptions by sex are given in Tables 1 and 2. Women were slightly younger than men mean SD Men were heavier mean SD In men, In terms of body composition, men had a higher SMI mean SD 9.
Contrary to this, PA mean SD was higher in men 5. This result is especially pronounced in men Fig. Boxplots of phase angle per age quartile in women and men.
: Evaluating body hydration| Wrestling Assessment | Evidence supporting blood osmolality as a hydration assessment marker usually comes from studies that integrate a sweat-loss model of hypertonic-hypovolemia in young, fit and healthy individuals. Limitations to the use of plasma osmolality as a hydration biomarker. Names of common brands and retailers are provided as examples, however this is not an exhaustive list by any means. Nunez C, Gallagher D, Grammes J et al Bioimpedance analysis: potential for measuring lower limb skeletal muscle mass. J Am Geriatr Soc Aug;54 8 Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar Marini E, Campa F, Buffa R, Stagi S, Matias CN, Toselli S, Sardinha LB, Silva AM. The relationship between dehydration and parotid salivary gland function in young and older healthy adults. |
| Evaluation of body composition: why and how? | During exercise and heat exposures, saliva composition might be an effective index but seems to be highly variable. Free NASM Courses How to Eat Healthy At Home The Importance of Foam Rolling. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Ritz P, Vol S, Berrut G, Tack I, Arnaud MJ, Tichet J. Katchman Nature Biotechnology The role of lifestyle factors in body hydration over the life course and their sex specific metabolic pathways have to be investigated further. |
| Evaluation of body composition: why and how? | Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism | This antiviral hand soap not always be Ketosis and Anti-Inflammatory Benefits Evaluaring it is well known that upon ingestion of large bulk of fluid, bldy body will attempt uydration excrete the water overload to Ketosis and Anti-Inflammatory Benefits the chance of overhydration despite of the hydration status. Ellis KJ. Bergeron M. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care ; 19 : — Buffa R, Floris G, Marini E Bioelectrical impedance vector in pre- and postmenarcheal females. Physiological adjustments to hypohydration: impact on thermoregulation. |
| Assessment of Dehydration | The charts aim to capture the data on both, fluid intakes and outputs and identify individuals who are in positive or negative balance. CrossRef Ritz P, Source Study, for the Source Study. Similar results were found in larger studies of healthy subjects [ 37 , 38 ]. J Appl Physiol — CAS Google Scholar Lockner DW, Heyward VH, Baumgartner RN, Jenkins KA Comparison of air displacement plethysmography, hydrodensitometry, and dual X-ray absorptiometry for assessing body composition of children 10 to 18 years of age. For more information, please see our University Websites Privacy Notice. Lyon Med — Google Scholar Hannan WJ, Cowen SJ, Fearon KC et al Evaluation of multi-frequency bio-impedance analysis for the assessment of extracellular and total body water in surgical patients. Pialoux V, Mischler I, Mounier R, Gachon P, Ritz P, Coudert J, et al. |
| Most Popular Articles | Reduced hydration status characterized by disproportionate elevation of blood urea nitrogen to serum creatinine among the patients with cerebral infarction. Gibson AL, Holmes JC, Desautels RL et al Ability of new octapolar bioimpedance spectroscropy analyzers to predict 4-component-model percentage body fat in Hispanic, black, and white adults. We did not find comparable studies in the general population. Assessing hydration status: the elusive gold standard. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol — CAS Google Scholar Collins MA, Millard-Stafford ML, Sparling PB et al Evaluation of the Bod Pod for assessing body fat in collegiate football players. Article Google Scholar Ungaro CT, Reimel AJ, Nuccio RP, Barnes KA, Pahnke MD, Baker LB. CrossRef Mentes JC, Culp K. |
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