Supplement abuse in bodybuilding -
Philadelphia, Pa. Accessed Oct. Snyder PJ. Use of androgens and other hormones by athletes. Effects of performance-enhancing drugs. Anti-Doping Agency. Santos GH, et al. The risk environment of anabolic-androgenic steroid users in the UK: Examining motivations, practices and accounts of use.
International Journal of Drug Policy. Fleisher LA, et al. In: Essence of Anesthesia Practice. La Gerche A, et al. Drugs in sport — A change is needed, but what? Heart, Lung, and Circulation. Boardley ID, et al. Nutritional, medicinal, and performance enhancing supplementation in dance.
Baron D, et al. Prohibited non-hormonal performance-enhancing drugs in sport. Robinson D. Permitted non-hormonal performance-enhancing substances.
Madden CC, et al. Sports supplements. Hall M, et al. Creatine supplementation: An update. Current Sports Medicine Reports. Products and Services The Mayo Clinic Diet Online A Book: The Mayo Clinic Diet Bundle. See also Eating and exercise Daily water requirement. Mayo Clinic Press Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press.
Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press Mayo Clinic on Incontinence The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press The Essential Diabetes Book Mayo Clinic on Hearing and Balance - Mayo Clinic Press Mayo Clinic on Hearing and Balance FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book.
ART Healthy Lifestyle Fitness In-Depth Performance enhancing drugs Know the risks. Show the heart some love! Give Today. Help us advance cardiovascular medicine. Find a doctor. Explore careers. Sign up for free e-newsletters.
About Mayo Clinic. About this Site. Contact Us. Health Information Policy. Media Requests. News Network. Price Transparency. Medical Professionals. Clinical Trials.
Mayo Clinic Alumni Association. Refer a Patient. Executive Health Program. International Business Collaborations. Supplier Information. Admissions Requirements. Degree Programs. Research Faculty.
International Patients. Financial Services. Community Health Needs Assessment. Financial Assistance Documents — Arizona. Financial Assistance Documents — Florida. Financial Assistance Documents — Minnesota. Follow Mayo Clinic. Get the Mayo Clinic app. Left ventricular size and function in body builders using anabolic steroids.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. Riebe D, Fernhall B. Left ventricular function during exercise and creatine kinase MB levels in anabolic steroid users and nonusers. Sports Med Train Rehabil. Angell PJ, Green DJ, Lord R, Gaze D, Whyte G, George KP. Acute cardiovascular responses to resistance exercise in anabolic steroids users: a preliminary investigation.
Sci Sports. Lalande S, Baldi JC. Left ventricular mass in elite Olympic weight lifters. Barone M, Losurdo G, Iannone A, Leandro G, Di Leo A, Trerotoli P.
Assessment of body composition: intrinsic methodological limitations and statistical pitfalls. Lichtenbelt W, Hartgens F, Vollaard NB, Ebbing S, Kuipers H. Body composition changes in bodybuilders: a method comparison. DuBois D, DuBois E. A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and body mass be known.
Arch Intern Med. Shuter B, Aslani A. Body surface area: Du bois and Du bois revisited. Eur J Appl Physiol. Redlarski G, Palkowski A, Krawczuk M. Body surface area formulae: an alarming ambiguity. Sci Rep. Hoit BD, Litwin SE. The new normal: how should we assess cardiac chamber sizes and proportionality across the full spectrum of body sizes with varying degrees of adiposity?
J Am Soc Echocardiogr. Nabeshima Y, Takeuchi M. Is body surface area the best method to scale cardiac size? Paylik G, Olexó Z, Frenkl R. Echocardiographic estimates related to various body size measures in athletes.
Acta Physiol Hung. CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Rasmussen JJ, Schou M, Madsen PL, Selmer C, Johansen ML, Ulriksen PS, et al. Cardiac systolic dysfunction in past illicit users of anabolic androgenic steroids.
Am Heart J. De Piccoli B, Giada F, Benettin A, Sartori F, Piccolo E. Anabolic steroid use in body builders: an echocardiographic study of left ventricle morphology and function. Shankara-Narayana N, Yu C, Savkovic S, Desai R, Fennell C, Turner L, et al.
Rate and extent of recovery from reproductive and cardiac dysfunction due to androgen abuse in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Nieminen MS, Rämö M, Viitasalo M, Heikkilä P, Karjalainen J, Mäntysaari M, et al. Serious cardiovascular side effects of large doses of anabolic steroids in weight lifters.
Eur Heart J. Kosaka A, Takahashi H, Yajima Y, Tanaka M, Okamura K, Mizumoto R, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with anabolic steroid therapy: report of a case and review of the Japanese literature. J Gastroenterol. Johnson FL, Lerner K, Siegel M, Feagler J, Majerus P, Hartmann J, et al.
Association of androgenic-anabolic steroid therapy with development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gorayski P, Thompson C, Subhash H, Thomas A.
Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with recreational anabolic steroid use. Solbach P, Potthoff A, Raatschen H-J, Soudah B, Lehmann U, Schneider A, et al. Testosterone-receptor positive hepatocellular carcinoma in a year old bodybuilder with a history of anabolic androgenic steroid abuse: a case report.
BMC Gastroenterol. Socas L, Zumbado M, Perez-Luzardo O, Ramos A, Perez C, Hernandez J, et al. Hepatocellular adenomas associated with anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in bodybuilders: a report of two cases and a review of the literature.
Kanayama G, Hudson JI, DeLuca J, Isaacs S, Baggish A, Weiner R, et al. Prolonged hypogonadism in males following withdrawal from anabolic—androgenic steroids: an under-recognized problem.
Rasmussen JJ, Selmer C, Østergren PB, Pedersen KB, Schou M, Gustafsson F, et al. Former abusers of anabolic androgenic steroids exhibit decreased testosterone levels and hypogonadal symptoms years after cessation: a case-control study. PLoS ONE. Urhausen A, Torsten A, Wilfried K.
Reversibility of the effects on blood cells, lipids, liver function and hormones in former anabolic—androgenic steroid abusers. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. Maron BJ, Haas TS, Murphy CJ, Ahluwalia A, Rutten-Ramos S. Incidence and causes of sudden death in US College athletes. Ahlgrim C, Guglin M.
Anabolics and cardiomyopathy in a bodybuilder: case report and literature review. J Cardiac Fail. Dufayet L, Gorgiard C, Vayssette F, Barbet JP, Hoizey G, Ludes B. Death of an apprentice bodybuilder following 2,4-dinitrophenol and clenbuterol intake.
Int J Legal Med. Lehmann S, Thomas A, Schiwy-Bochat K-H, Geyer H, Thevis M, Glenewinkel F, et al. Death after misuse of anabolic substances clenbuterol, stanozolol and metandienone. Forensic Sci Int. Li C, Adhikari BK, Gao L, Zhang S, Liu Q, Wang Y, et al.
Performance-enhancing drugs abuse caused cardiomyopathy and acute hepatic injury in a young bodybuilder. Am J Mens Health. Dickerman RD, Schaller F, Prather I, McConathy W. Sudden cardiac death in a year-old bodybuilder using anabolic steroids.
Lemiński A, Kubis M, Kaczmarek K, Gołąb A, Kazimierczak A, Kotfis K, et al. When bodybuilding goes wrong—bilateral renal artery thrombosis in a long-term misuser of anabolic steroids treated with angiojet rheolytic thrombectomy. Int J Environ Res Public Health.
Falkenberg M, Karlsson J, Örtenwall P. Peripheral arterial thrombosis in two young men using anabolic steroids. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. Baumann S, Jabbour C, Huseynov A, Borggrefe M, Haghi D, Papavassiliu T. Myocardial scar detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in a competitive bodybuilder with longstanding abuse of anabolic steroids.
Asian J Sports Med. Katsi V, Soulaidopoulos S, Aggeli C, Latsios G, Tousoulis D, Toutouzas K, et al. Extensive coronary artery disease in a long-distance athlete: a case report. J Athl Train. Goel R, Majeed F, Vogel R, Corretti MC, Weir M, Mangano C, et al.
Exercise-induced hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and coronary artery disease in a marathon runner. Handler JB, Asay RW, Warren SE, Shea PM. Symptomatic coronary artery disease in a marathon runner.
Angeli SJ, Haft JI. Severe coronary artery disease in a marathon runner. Tan KL, Kandasamy B. TCTAP C fate of a modern day pheidippides: acute coronary thrombosis in a young marathon runner. Hull CM, Hopkins CL, Purdy NJ, Lloyd RC, Harris JA.
A case of unprovoked venous thromboembolism in a marathon athlete presenting atypical sequelae: What are the chances? Bishop M, Astolfi M, Padegimas E, DeLuca P, Hammoud S.
Venous thromboembolism within professional American Sport Leagues. Orthop J Sports Med. Hull CM, Harris JA. Venous thromboembolism in physically active people: considerations for risk assessment, mainstream awareness and future research.
Dhamu H, Malliaras P, Twycross-Lewis R, Maffulli N. A systematic review of resting left ventricular systolic and diastolic function and adaptation in elite weightlifters. Br Med Bull. Adler Y, Fisman EZ, Koren-Morag N, Tanne D, Shemesh J, Lasry E, et al.
Left ventricular diastolic function in trained male weightlifters at rest and during isometric exercise. Eijsvogels TMH, Thompson PD, Franklin BA. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med.
MacDougall JD, Tuxen D, Sale DG, Moroz JR, Sutton JR. Arterial blood pressure response to heavy resistance exercise. J Appl Physiol Bethesda, Md: Sullivan J, Hanson P, Rahko PS, Folts JD. Continuous measurement of left ventricular performance during and after maximal isometric deadlift exercise.
Augustine DX, Howard L. Left ventricular hypertrophy in athletes: differentiating physiology from pathology. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. Danielian A, Shah AB. Clin Sports Med. Millar LM, Fanton Z, Finocchiaro G, Sanchez-Fernandez G, Dhutia H, Malhotra A, et al. Graham MR, Grace FM, Boobier W, Hullin D, Kicman A, Cowan D, et al.
Homocysteine induced cardiovascular events: a consequence of long term anabolic-androgenic steroid AAS abuse. Baggish AL, Wang F, Weiner RB, Elinoff JM, Tournoux F, Boland A, et al.
Training-specific changes in cardiac structure and function: a prospective and longitudinal assessment of competitive athletes. J Appl Physiol. Weiner RB, Wang F, Isaacs SK, Malhotra R, Berkstresser B, Kim JH, et al. Blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy during American-style football participation.
Tso JV, Turner CG, Liu C, Galante A, Gilson CR, Clark C, et al. Association between race and maladaptive concentric left ventricular hypertrophy in American-style football athletes. Hackett DA. Training, supplementation, and pharmacological practices of competitive male bodybuilders across training phases.
Chappell A, Simper T, Barker M. Nutritional strategies of high level natural bodybuilders during competition preparation. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. Chappell AJ, Simper TN.
Nutritional peak week and competition day strategies of competitive natural bodybuilders. Escalante G, Stevenson SW, Barakat C, Aragon AA, Schoenfeld BJ.
Peak week recommendations for bodybuilders: an evidence based approach. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. Schwingshackl L, Hoffmann G. Comparison of high vs.
Marinaro M, Alexander DS, de Waal D. Seminars in dialysis; Wiley Online Library; Jhee JH, Kee YK, Park S, Kim H, Park JT, Han SH, et al. High-protein diet with renal hyperfiltration is associated with rapid decline rate of renal function: a community-based prospective cohort study.
Nephrol Dial Transplant. Haring B, Selvin E, Liang M, Coresh J, Grams ME, Petruski-Ivleva N, et al. Dietary protein sources and risk for incident chronic kidney disease: results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities ARIC study.
J Ren Nutr. Cho E, Choi SJ, Kang D-H, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Ko G-J. Revisiting glomerular hyperfiltration and examining the concept of high dietary protein-related nephropathy in athletes and bodybuilders.
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. Spendlove J, Mitchell L, Gifford J, Hackett D, Slater G, Cobley S, et al. Dietary intake of competitive bodybuilders. Jäger R, Kerksick CM, Campbell BI, Cribb PJ, Wells SD, Skwiat TM, et al.
International society of sports nutrition position stand: protein and exercise. Kerksick CM, Wilborn CD, Roberts MD, Smith-Ryan A, Kleiner SM, Jäger R, et al. Thomas DT, Erdman KA, Burke LM. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: nutrition and athletic performance.
J Acad Nutr Diet. Jain V, Goel G. Acute myocardial infarction in young newbie bodybuilder using multiple steroid and protein supplements. J Cardiol Cases. Ribeiro AS, Nunes JP, Schoenfeld BJ. Should competitive bodybuilders ingest more protein than current evidence-based recommendations? Antonio J, Ellerbroek A, Silver T, Vargas L, Peacock C.
The effects of a high protein diet on indices of health and body composition—a crossover trial in resistance-trained men. Antonio J, Ellerbroek A, Silver T, Orris S, Scheiner M, Gonzalez A, et al.
A high protein diet 3. Antonio J, Ellerbroek A, Silver T, Vargas L, Tamayo A, Buehn R, et al. A high protein diet has no harmful effects: a one-year crossover study in resistance-trained males. J Nutr Metab. Antonio J, Peacock CA, Ellerbroek A, Fromhoff B, Silver T.
The effects of consuming a high protein diet 4. Kayapinar O, Ozde C, Koc Ay E, Keskin M, Kaya A. Anterior myocardial infarction in a year-old body builder with concomitant use of whey protein powder and amino acid capsules.
Acta Cardiol Sin. PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Rencuzogullari I, Börekçi A, Karakoyun S, Cagdas M, Karabağ Y, Yesin M, et al. Coronary thrombosis in three coronary arteries due to whey protein. Am J Emerg Med. Simonart T. Acne and whey protein supplementation among bodybuilders.
Silverberg NB. Whey protein precipitating moderate to severe acne flares in 5 teenaged athletes. PubMed Google Scholar. Melnik B, Jansen T, Grabbe S.
Abuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids and bodybuilding acne: an underestimated health problem. JDDG Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft. Titelius R. West Aust.
Ali AA, Almukhtar SE, Sharif DA, Saleem ZSM, Muhealdeen DN, Hughson MD. Effects of bodybuilding supplements on the kidney: a population-based incidence study of biopsy pathology and clinical characteristics among Middle Eastern men. BMC Nephrol. Andersen RE, Brownell KD, Morgan GD, Bartlett SJ.
Weight loss, psychological, and nutritional patterns in competitive female bodybuilders. Andersen RE, Barlett SJ, Morgan GD, Brownell KD.
Weight loss, psychological, and nutritional patterns in competitive male body builders. Int J Eat Disord. Lee TW, Bae E, Hwang K, Jang HN, Park HJ, Jeon DH, et al.
Severe hypokalemic paralysis and rhabdomyolysis occurring after binge eating in a young bodybuilder: case report. Medicine Baltimore. Lapinskienė I, Mikulevičienė G, Laubner G, Badaras R. Consequences of an extreme diet in the professional sport: refeeding syndrome to a bodybuilder.
Clin Nutr ESPEN. Franchini E, Brito CJ, Artioli GG. Weight loss in combat sports: physiological, psychological and performance effects. Burke LM, Slater GJ, Matthews JJ, Langan-Evans C, Horswill CA. ACSM expert consensus statement on weight loss in weight-category sports. Curr Sports Med Rep.
Lakicevic N, Mani D, Paoli A, Roklicer R, Bianco A, Drid P. Weight cycling in combat sports: revisiting 25 years of scientific evidence. Pfisterer N, Stöllberger C, Finsterer J. Mayr FB, Domanovits H, Laggner AN. Hypokalemic paralysis in a professional bodybuilder.
Montani J-P, Viecelli A, Prévot A, Dulloo AG. Int J Obes. Knapik JJ, Steelman RA, Hoedebecke SS, Austin KG, Farina EK, Lieberman HR. Prevalence of dietary supplement use by athletes: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Montuori P, Loperto I, Paolo C, Castrianni D, Nubi R, De Rosa E, et al. Bodybuilding, dietary supplements and hormones use: behaviour and determinant analysis in young bodybuilders.
Karimian J, Esfahani PS. Supplement consumption in body builder athletes. J Res Med Sci. Perry PJ, Lund BC, Deninger MJ, Kutscher EC, Schneider J. Anabolic steroid use in weightlifters and bodybuilders: an internet survey of drug utilization.
Kuehn BM. Bodybuilding supplements. CAS Google Scholar. Lee SH, Seo JA, Park JE, Kim CH, Lee J. A case of pulmonary thromboembolism possibly associated with the use of creatine supplements. Respirol Case Rep.
Tan CW, Tha MH, Ng HJ. Creatine supplementation and venous thrombotic events. Am J Med. Taner B, Aysim O, Abdulkadir U. The effects of the recommended dose of creatine monohydrate on kidney function.
NDT Plus. Koshy KM, Griswold E, Schneeberger EE. Interstitial nephritis in a patient taking creatine. N Engl J Med. Thorsteinsdottir B, Grande JP, Garovic VD.
Acute renal failure in a young weight lifter taking multiple food supplements, including creatine monohydrate. Greenhaff P. Renal dysfunction accompanying oral creatine supplements. Xu Y, Jiang H, Li L, Chen F, Liu Y, Zhou M, et al. Branched-chain amino acid catabolism promotes thrombosis risk by enhancing tropomodulin-3 propionylation in platelets.
Manuel M, Heckman CJ. Stronger is not always better: could a bodybuilding dietary supplement lead to ALS? Exp Neurol. Evans-Brown M, Kimergård A, McVeigh J, Chandler M, Brandt SD. Is the breast cancer drug tamoxifen being sold as a bodybuilding dietary supplement? BMJ Br Med J.
Thevis M, Geyer H, Kamber M, Schänzer W. Detection of the arylpropionamide-derived selective androgen receptor modulator SARM S-4 Andarine in a black-market product. Drug Test Anal. Cohen PA, Travis JC, Venhuis BJ. A synthetic stimulant never tested in humans, 1, 3-dimethylbutylamine DMBA , is identified in multiple dietary supplements.
Cohen PA. DMAA as a dietary supplement ingredient. United States Food and Drug Administration. Tainted products marketed as dietary supplements. Abbate V, Kicman AT, Evans-Brown M, McVeigh J, Cowan DA, Wilson C, et al. Anabolic steroids detected in bodybuilding dietary supplements—a significant risk to public health.
Navarro VJ, Barnhart H, Bonkovsky HL, Davern T, Fontana RJ, Grant L, et al. Liver injury from herbals and dietary supplements in the US Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network. Stolz A, Navarro V, Hayashi PH, Fontana RJ, Barnhart HX, Gu J, et al.
Severe and protracted cholestasis in 44 young men taking bodybuilding supplements: assessment of genetic, clinical and chemical risk factors. Aliment Pharmacol Ther.
Dietary supplement linked to cases of acute hepatitis. Roytman MM, Pörzgen P, Lee CL, Huddleston L, Kuo TT, Bryant-Greenwood P, et al.
Outbreak of severe hepatitis linked to weight-loss supplement OxyELITE Pro. Off J Am Coll Gastroenterol ACG. Timcheh-Hariri A, Balali-Mood M, Aryan E, Sadeghi M, Riahi-Zanjani B.
Toxic hepatitis in a group of 20 male body-builders taking dietary supplements. Food Chem Toxicol. Villavicencio Kim J, Wu GY. Body building and aminotransferase elevations: a review.
J Clin Transl Hepatol. Schäfer CN, Hvolris J, Karlsmark T, Plambech M. Muscle enhancement using intramuscular injections of oil in bodybuilding: review on epidemiology, complications, clinical evaluation and treatment.
Eur Surg. Perry HM. Risk of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in bodybuilders. BMJ Clin Res Ed. Scott MJ. HIV infection associated with injections of anabolic steroids.
Henrion R, Mandelbrot L, Delfieu D. HIV contamination after injections of anabolic steroids. Presse Med. Sklarek HM, Mantovani RP, Erens E, Heisler D, Niederman MS, Fein AM. AIDS in a bodybuilder using anabolic steroids.
Rich JD, Dickinson BP, Merriman NA, Flanigan TP. Hepatitis C virus infection related to anabolic-androgenic steroid injection in a recreational weight lifter. Hope VD, McVeigh J, Marongiu A, Evans-Brown M, Smith J, Kimergård A, et al.
Prevalence of, and risk factors for, HIV, hepatitis B and C infections among men who inject image and performance enhancing drugs: a cross-sectional study.
BMJ Open. Aitken C, Delalande C, Stanton K. Pumping iron, risking infection? Exposure to hepatitis C, hepatitis B and HIV among anabolic—androgenic steroid injectors in Victoria, Australia. Drug Alcohol Depend. Midgley SJ, Heather N, Best D, Henderson D, McCarthy S, Davies JB.
Risk behaviours for HIV and hepatitis infection among anabolic-androgenic steroid users. AIDS Care. Underwood M. The unintended consequences of emphasising blood-borne virus in research on, and services for, people who inject image and performance enhancing drugs: a commentary based on enhanced bodybuilder perspectives.
The agency also recommends that you:. In addition to issuing warning letters, the agency can pursue other regulatory actions as well as enforcement actions against sellers of these illegal products.
However, this can be challenging, particularly when sellers operate exclusively online. Firm names or websites often are easily changed, or products can be relabeled to evade authorities and scam consumers. Skip to main content Skip to FDA Search Skip to in this section menu Skip to footer links.
Artículos para el consumidor en español.
You Chia seeds and digestion, HbAc management they bodybuildinf safe to use? The U. Bldybuilding and Abjse Administration found some bodybuilding Suppplement may illegally contain steroids Hair growth for frizzy hair steroid-like substances associated with potentially serious health risks, including Sipplement injury, bodybuuilding can be life-threatening. The FDA has received hundreds bodybuildint adverse event reports, including those showing evidence of serious liver injury. In addition to liver injury, anabolic steroids have been associated with serious reactions such as:. Many of these products make claims about the ability of the active ingredients to enhance or diminish androgen, estrogen, or progestin-like effects in the body, but actually contain anabolic steroids or steroid-like substances, synthetic hormones related to the male hormone testosterone. Many of these products are not dietary supplements at all; they contain undisclosed or unproven ingredients and are illegally marketed, unapproved new drugs. Supplejent excel abude athletic bodybuilving is admirable. Most sbuse school, Supplemenf, amateur and professional Energy metabolism and chronic diseases participate in sports High protein diet Supplemnt opportunity to pit their abilities against those of their peers, and to experience the satisfaction that High protein diet from playing High protein diet their potential. Others do so to satisfy a desire for recognition and fame. Unfortunately, that creates some atheletes who are determined to win at any cost. And, they may use that determination to justify the use of anabolic steroids, despite evidence that these drugs can inflict irreversible physical harm and have significant side effects. Anabolic steroids, commonly called "roids," juice, hype or pump, are powerful prescription drugs. They are controlled substances that people abuse in high doses to boost their athletic performance.
Bemerkenswert, die wertvollen Informationen